Happy Fall!

I realized that we are almost 3/4 of the way through the semester and I haven't blogged since the beginning of the semester.  It's been a very busy semester and I just haven't kept up with it like I should have.  I wanted to post a picture of Cameron in his Captain America costume from Halloween last week.   It's hard to believe that he will be 4 years old in March.  I have to go talk to his preschool class tomorrow about being a kinesiology professor, and while Cameron just loves the skeletal system, his preschool class might be a bigger challenge than teaching 18-22 year olds.  I have a graduate student that conducted her thesis research with a therapeutic horseback riding program held out in French Camp, MS (a very small but nice place with great facilities). She is looking at the influence of horseback riding on motor function among children with Autism.  Cameron just loves horses, so I decided to take him out there one day.  He had a great time and even got to ride a horse for the first time after the regular sessions were completed.  He got to go back out to French Camp again last week and ride a different horse.  I am looking forward to seeing the results of this study once Jennifer analyzes her data.  I'll post another blog soon analyzing some of the injuries that have occurred this football season.

Patellar tendon injury

Last night while attempting to cover first base, Angels pitcher Garrett Richards planted his left leg and then went down in a great deal of pain.  The video of the injury can be seen here, around the 1:20 mark.  If you watch closely, you will notice that when he plants his left leg, his knee is in an extreme amount of flexion (when the knee bends).  The increased amount of range of motion likely led to the significant tear or rupture of his patellar tendon.

The patellar tendon is located on the anterior (front) side of the knee.  It runs from the patella down to the tibial tuberosity, which is the bump on the anterior side of the tibia.  It's transmits force from the quadriceps to the tibia, causing the knee to extend (straighten).  Most muscle/tendon injuries occur when the structure is placed under a great deal of tension, which occurs when the muscle/tendon is being lengthened and loaded. Imagine taking a rubber band and stretching it.  As you stretch it more and more, it starts to develop small tears, and if you keep stretching it, it will eventually rupture.  Muscles and tendons behave very similarly when loaded under tension (stretching).  As the knee moves further and further into flexion, the patellar tendon continues to lengthen, and it some level of stress (or load), the tendon will start to tear and eventually rupture.  The amount of tension the patellar tendon can sustain is different for every person, but if you watch the video, you can see that his knee goes into an extreme amount of flexion in a very short period of time, which indicates a very high rate of loading.  If the patellar tendon is completely torn, it will have to be repaired surgically, and the recovery/rehab time is close to a year.  It's a devastating injury for one of the best pitcher's for the team that currently has the best record in baseball.

Paul George Injury

Paul George, while playing in an exhibition game for Team USA last Friday, suffered a fracture of both his tibia and fibula.  I'm not going to post a picture of the injury or the video, because it was a horrific injury, but you can find it on the internet.  George has been playing basketball his whole life, landed thousands of times, and never had anything like this happen.  In fact, almost all basketball players jump and land thousands of times throughout their careers and never sustain an injury like this.  Many players do sprain their ankles when landing, and occasionally tear an ACL (see Derrick Rose), but this type of injury is very rare.  Kevin Ware from Louisville suffered a similar injury during last season's NCAA tournament.  So what went wrong this time for George?

As you can see in the picture above, George lands with his right leg at approximately a 45 degree angle in relationship to the ground.  He actually hits the base of the goal with his foot before hitting the ground.  Newton's 3rd law of motion tells us that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.  Most of the time when basketball players jump, they land with their feet directly under their center of mass, and the force from the ground (ground reaction force) is transmitted straight up the leg without much of a problem. In George's case, because he is landing at this angle and his foot is a large distance from his center of mass, the ground reaction force creates a bending moment around the middle section of both the tibia and fibula, causing them to fracture.  Many times when these fractures occur, it's not because of the magnitude of the force, but more about the angle of force application and its relationship to the person's center of mass. George has a long road ahead but I am sure he was operated on by the best orthopedic surgeons and will receive the best therapy possible.

Catching Up

It's been quite some time since my last blog post.  Things got really busy with the spring semester and I forgot to post.  I'd like to take this time to brag on some of our students in the kinesiology department. Towards the end of the semester, we had students present at two separate research forums.  The first was the honors college undergraduate research forum, and the second was the college of education's research forum.  Whitney Ray and Amari Kimble presented a research poster that examined the effects of chronic ankle instability on landing kinetics and dynamic balance.  Jodi Brown and Wesley Gordon presented a research poster that examined the effects of limb dominance on landing kinetics and dynamic balance.  The students did a great job with their presentations, and Jodi won the award for the best undergraduate research poster for the college of education.  Additionally, Whitney won the college of education's undergraduate student research award for the 2013-2014 academic year.  Whitney did a great job assisting Dr. Holmes and myself with research this past year and she was very deserving of the award.  We were also very busy collecting data for a study examining the biomechanics of selected track and field events out at Starkville High School.  We hope to analyze most of the data this summer and then resume data collection in the fall once school starts again.  Below are some pictures of the presentations from the research forums.

 Jodi and Wesley's presentation at the honors college forum

 Whitney and Amari's presentation at the honors college forum

  Jodi's winning presentation at the college of education research forum

National Athletic Training Month

The month of March is National Athletic Training Month.  It is a good time to recognize athletic trainers for all their hard work.  My undergraduate degree is an athletic training and being a graduate assistant athletic trainer helped pay for my Master's and PhD at Auburn University.  Athletic trainers work many long hours and do a lot of work behind the scenes that most people are not aware of.  It is a difficult but very rewarding profession.  Although I do not practice athletic training as my primary job, I've still maintained my athletic training certification by the NATA Board of Certification and license by the state of Mississippi.  If you get a chance this month, thank an athletic trainer for all his or her hard work.

Winter Olympics Part III: Ice Hockey

One of the most popular sports in the winter Olympics is ice hockey.  Until yesterday, it looked like the USA was in great position to win the gold medal.  But, things can change rather quickly in sports, especially when there are elite athletes competing.

In my motor learning class, one of the topics we have discussed recently are motor abilities.  A motor ability is a trait or underlying characteristic that a person possesses that allows them to be successful at a certain skill.  It obviously does not guarantee success, as many talented athletes have not reached their full potential, and many less talented athletes have done very well.  When you look at the sport of ice hockey, there are many underlying abilities that will help an athlete be successful in that sport, so let's discuss some of them.

In order to play ice hockey, a person first has to be able to ice skate.  In order to ice skate, one must have dynamic balance, or the ability to maintain their balance while moving.  This is even more difficult when skating on a thin blade on a sheet of ice.  Dynamic balance is an ability that can be improved some through practice, but some people just have better balance than others.  Another underlying ability necessary for hockey is control precision.  This is the ability to make rapid movement adjustments of control objects, such as a hockey stick, primarily using the large muscle groups.  Another important ability would be rate control, which is the ability to make continuous speed and and direction adjustments when tracking.  Hockey players obviously have to track the puck.  Other important abilities would include multi-limb coordination, reaction time (especially for the goalie), and response orientation.  Response orientation is the ability to quickly select a response from a number of alternatives.  Hockey players must quickly decide what to do with the puck during a game.

There are many other abilities that underlie hockey performance; these are just a few.  As you watch Olympic or professional hockey, you can see that these athletes possess many different motor abilities.

Winter Olympics Part II: Curling

One of my favorite sports to watch in the Winter Olympics is curling.  While many people find curling to be boring, I find it to be quite fascinating.  Each game consists of 10 "Ends," which are pretty similar to innings in baseball.  Curling can be pretty slow paced and there is a lot of strategy involved, which is also similar to baseball.  The basic goal of curling is to have more "stones" closer to the "house" than your opponent when each "End" concludes.  You receive a point for every stone that is closer to the house than your opponent, so if your team ends up with 3 stones closer than your opponent, you get 3 points for that end.

Since I am also an athletic trainer, I find the injury aspect of these different sports to be interesting as well.  As you can read in this article here, the United States men's and women's curling teams have their own certified athletic trainer.  Now, it may seem like curlers do not need an athletic trainer, but if you have ever watched a game, you will see that these athletes place a lot of stress on their knees, hips, and low backs if they are throwing the stone, and the sweepers put a lot of stress on their shoulders, arms, and upper backs.  While there is rarely a traumatic injury in curling when compared to a sport like hockey, there are many potential injuries and issues that will keep an athletic trainer busy.

Winter Olympics Part I: Slopestyle Skiing

One of the winter Olympic events I had the chance to watch today was slopestyle skiing.  The athletic ability of these Olympic skiers is remarkable, especially in this event.  We have been discussing projectile motion in in my Sport Biomechanics class, and this event is a great example, in which the skier is the projectile.  We have discussed how the distance a projectile will travel is primarily dependent on two things: the projectile's velocity at takeoff, and the angle at which the projectile leaves the ground.  In addition to projecting themselves, these skiers also perform spins and other tricks (I'm not familiar with all the skiing terminology), and then they have to land and continue down the course.

During today's competition, Canadian skier Yuki Tsubota failed to land from one of her take-offs and suffered a bad injury.  You can watch the video here.  It is difficult to tell exactly what happened to her, but it appears that she gets her base of support (her skis) down behind her center of mass, and this causes her to collapse, fall forward, and hit her head.  They are saying she sustained a broken jaw, which is a bad injury, but after watching the video, it could have been much worse.  The amount of body control these athletes must have to land from these long projections at such a high velocity and then continue down the course is amazing.

Friday Night Tykes

The other night I was flipping through the channels on TV when I came across the show "Friday Night Tykes".  It follows a few 8-9 year old youth football teams located near San Antonio, Texas.  After watching for just a few minutes, I had a hard time believing some of the things that I saw.  Specifically, a coach made an obviously out of shape kid run up and down the field the entire practice because he had missed a previous practice.  Another coach encouraged one of his defensive players to hit the center as hard as he could before he snapped the ball.  In general, the coaches of all the teams were acting like they were college of NFL football coaches.  The entire emphasis seemed to be on winning, and not on having fun and enjoying the game of football.  One of the coaches on the show was recently suspended for encouraging his team to hit the other team in the head.

The biggest issue I have with the show, and they are portraying is happening, is the complete disregard for player safety.  The National Athletic Trainers Association released a statement last week voicing their concerns over player safety.   I saw examples of players nearing or becoming dehydrated and players likely suffering head trauma that were allowed to continue playing.  Youth sports are a wonderful thing that can teach kids many valuable lessons, but player safety must be the number one concern.  Hopefully this show will bring to light many of these issues, and they will be addressed in youth sports programs around the country in order to increase player safety.

It's hard to believe that it is 2014.  The spring semester is now in full swing, as we are completing our second week of classes.  I am teaching anatomical kinesiology, sport biomechanics, and motor learning this semester.  So far things are going well, and I am looking forward to a good semester.  I am taking a group of students to the Southeastern Chapter of the American College of Sports Medicine annual meeting and symposium in February, and I will do a blog post about the trip.

The winter Olympics start in about 2 weeks, and I am definitely looking forward to that.  I am planning on doing a series of blog posts about the biomechanics of selected winter Olympic sports, similar to what I did with the 2012 London Olympics.  I do not know as much about winter sports, so it will definitely be more of a challenge, but one I am looking forward too.

It is also hard to believe that Cameron will be 3 years old in March.  He has grown up so fast, and is so much fun.  He is really smart and loves to read books and do puzzles.  He is also becoming pretty proficient in his anatomy knowledge, as he can say and identify his clavicle, patella, femur, tibia, scapula, and calcaneus.  It is never too early to start learning anatomy.  I also enjoy teaching the motor learning class as I watch Cameron learn how to perform new motor skills.  It has definitely given me a new perspective on that class.